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Enfermedades tropicales desatendidas: avances en la lucha contra las pandemias crónicas
David H Molyneux1, Lorenzo Savioli2, Dirk Engels3
1Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 19, 2016
Resumen
Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETN) afectan a las poblaciones más pobres, y se han logrado avances significativos en los esfuerzos de control y eliminación. Sin embargo, desafíos como la debilidad de los sistemas de salud obstaculizan la ampliación y el logro de objetivos globales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global
- La medicina tropical
- Política de salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETN) afectan desproporcionadamente a las poblaciones empobrecidas de todo el mundo.
- Más de una década de reconocimiento ha dado lugar a un impulso político y a progresos en el control y la eliminación de las ETD.
- El apoyo continuo de varias organizaciones y donaciones farmacéuticas han sido cruciales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los avances y los desafíos en el control y la eliminación de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas.
- Destacar la inclusión de las ENT en las agendas mundiales de salud como los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
- Identificar las necesidades de investigación para diagnósticos, medicamentos e insecticidas asequibles.
Principales métodos:
- El estudio es una revisión del concepto y el progreso de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas.
- El informe sintetiza la información sobre el desarrollo de políticas, los objetivos globales y los logros reportados.
- Se incluye un análisis de los retos que impiden un mayor progreso.
Principales resultados:
- Más de mil millones de personas se beneficiaron de la quimioterapia preventiva en 2014, lo que indica un progreso sustancial.
- La Hoja de Ruta y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) abordan las ENT.
- Los productos asequibles se identifican como una necesidad clave de investigación.
Conclusiones:
- A pesar de los logros significativos en el control de las ETN, persisten desafíos sustanciales.
- La inseguridad y la debilidad de los sistemas de salud en los países de bajos ingresos impiden ampliar las intervenciones.
- Se necesitan esfuerzos continuos para alcanzar los objetivos mundiales de eliminación de las ENT y garantizar la cobertura sanitaria universal.
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