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Resistencia a los antimicrobianos

Hilary D Marston1, Dennis M Dixon2, Jane M Knisely2

  • 1National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (AMR) es una amenaza creciente impulsada por factores como el uso inadecuado de antibióticos y la falta de desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos. Se necesitan nuevas estrategias e intervenciones de salud pública para combatir las bacterias resistentes.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias médicas
  • Microbiología
  • Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los antibióticos son avances médicos cruciales, que han salvado millones de vidas.
  • La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (AMR) representa una amenaza significativa para la salud mundial.
  • El aumento de la resistencia antimicrobiana pone en peligro la eficacia de la medicina moderna.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar los factores que contribuyen a la resistencia antimicrobiana.
  • Analizar la epidemiología de los principales organismos resistentes.
  • Explorar las posibles soluciones a la crisis de la resistencia antimicrobiana.

Principales métodos:

  • Se ha buscado en PubMed, NIH REPORTER y ClinicalTrials.gov (2000-2016).
  • Se centra en la epidemiología de la resistencia antimicrobiana, los efectos clínicos, los nuevos agentes y las estrategias no farmacológicas.
  • Revisó 103 artículos seleccionados, bases de datos y documentos de políticas de salud.

Principales resultados:

  • La AMR es impulsada por la prescripción inadecuada de antibióticos, el uso fuera de etiqueta y la genética bacteriana.
  • Los incentivos económicos inadecuados impiden el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos antimicrobianos.
  • Los organismos gramnegativos resistentes al carbapenem y a la colistina presentan desafíos clínicos.
  • Las estrategias alternativas incluyen el descubrimiento de nuevos antibacterianos y la neutralización del factor de virulencia.

Conclusiones:

  • La resistencia a los antimicrobianos presenta desafíos sustanciales para la práctica clínica actual.
  • El uso modificado de antimicrobianos y las intervenciones de salud pública son esenciales.
  • Las nuevas estrategias antimicrobianas son cruciales para mitigar el impacto de los organismos multirresistentes.