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Alcohol dietético, calcio y potasio. Efectos independientes y combinados sobre la presión arterial
M H Criqui1, R D Langer, D M Reed
1Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of California, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093.
Circulation
|September 1, 1989
Resumen
La ingesta excesiva de alcohol aumenta fuertemente la presión arterial independientemente del calcio y el potasio. Mientras que estos minerales bajan la presión arterial, el alcohol y el alcoholismo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Cardiovascular La salud cardiovascular.
- La epidemiología nutricional.
- Investigación de la Hipertensión Investigación de la Hipertensión
Sus antecedentes:
- Estudios previos sugieren un vínculo entre el consumo de alcohol y la presión arterial elevada.
- Los roles del calcio y el potasio dietéticos en esta asociación requieren más aclaraciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las contribuciones independientes del alcohol, el calcio y el potasio a la presión arterial.
- Para determinar si la ingesta de calcio y potasio modifica la relación alcohol-presión arterial.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos de 7.011 hombres japoneses.
- Utilizó análisis categóricos y técnicas de regresión lineal múltiple.
- Evaluación de las asociaciones entre la ingesta de alcohol, el calcio, el potasio y la presión arterial.
Principales resultados:
- El consumo de alcohol por encima de ~20 ml/día mostró una fuerte y independiente correlación positiva con la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica.
- La ingesta de calcio y potasio estaba inversamente relacionada con la presión arterial, con efectos combinados mayores que los efectos individuales.
- En los bebedores moderados a fuertes, solo el potasio mostró una relación inversa con la presión arterial, lo que sugiere un posible agotamiento del calcio.
Conclusiones:
- La ingesta de alcohol es un predictor independiente significativo de la presión arterial elevada.
- El calcio y el potasio de la dieta juegan un papel en la regulación de la presión arterial, pero sus efectos son más débiles que los del alcohol.
- El agotamiento del calcio puede mediar parcialmente la hipertensión inducida por el alcohol en los bebedores más pesados.
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