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La planificación urbana y la salud de la población: un reto mundial
Billie Giles-Corti1, Anne Vernez-Moudon2, Rodrigo Reis3
1University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 28, 2016
Resumen
Repensar la planificación urbana es crucial para la salud global. El diseño urbano integrado fomenta el caminar, el ciclismo y el transporte público, reduciendo las enfermedades no transmisibles y el trauma vial para ciudades más saludables y sostenibles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Planificación urbana y salud pública
- Ciencias del transporte
- Salud del medio ambiente
Sus antecedentes:
- La salud global en el siglo XXI requiere estrategias innovadoras de prevención de enfermedades.
- La rápida urbanización presenta desafíos para la salud pública, incluidas las enfermedades no transmisibles y los traumatismos de la carretera.
- La planificación urbana influye significativamente en la salud de la población a través de las opciones de modo de transporte.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar intervenciones integradas de planificación urbana que promuevan los viajes activos y el uso del transporte público.
- Reducir la dependencia de los vehículos de motor privados y mitigar los riesgos para la salud asociados.
- Abogar por una planificación urbana multisectorial que priorice la salud, la sostenibilidad y la habitabilidad.
Principales métodos:
- Identificación de ocho intervenciones regionales y locales integradas.
- Análisis de cómo estas intervenciones fomentan la caminata, el ciclismo y el transporte público.
- Evaluación del impacto en la reducción del uso de vehículos de motor privados.
Principales resultados:
- Las intervenciones incluyen la mejora de la accesibilidad del destino, la distribución equitativa del empleo y la gestión del estacionamiento.
- El diseño de redes para peatones y ciclistas y la optimización de la densidad residencial son fundamentales.
- La reducción de la distancia en el transporte público y la mejora de la conveniencia de los viajes activos son cruciales.
Conclusiones:
- La planificación urbana integrada crea ciudades compactas más saludables y sostenibles.
- Estas estrategias reducen los factores de riesgo ambientales, sociales y de comportamiento.
- El sector de la salud debe liderar la promoción de una planificación urbana centrada en la salud, especialmente en los países de ingresos bajos y medios.
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