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Dinámica cuántica de los observables no conmutados medidos simultáneamente

Shay Hacohen-Gourgy1,2, Leigh S Martin1,2,3, Emmanuel Flurin1,2

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El principio de incertidumbre de Heisenberg rige la dinámica del estado cuántico durante las mediciones simultáneas de observables no conmutados. Esto conduce a nuevas dinámicas de difusión y permite la tomografía de estado cuántico sin mediciones alternas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Mecánica Cuántica
  • Ciencia de la información cuántica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las mediciones cuánticas generalmente causan el colapso de la función de onda, produciendo resultados precisos.
  • El principio de incertidumbre de Heisenberg inherentemente limita la precisión simultánea para observables no conmutativos como la posición y el momento.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Explorar la dinámica de los estados cuánticos bajo medición simultánea de observables no conmutados.
  • Investigar experimentalmente los límites impuestos por el principio de incertidumbre sobre la perturbación inducida por la medición.

Principales métodos:

  • Aplicación simultánea de dos sondas cuánticas de no demolición continuas a un qubit superconductor.
  • Implementación de múltiples canales de lectura mediante el acoplamiento del qubit a múltiples modos de cavidad.
  • Utilización de una técnica de medición de "cuadratura única" para controlar los datos de medición a través de la fase relativa.

Principales resultados:

  • Demostrado que el principio de incertidumbre dicta un límite inferior para la perturbación inducida por la medición.
  • Se observó una transición en la dinámica de estados cuánticos desde el colapso de la función de onda a la difusión persistente (localizada e isotrópica) a medida que las mediciones se desplazaban de los observables conmutativos a los no conmutativos.
  • Se extrajo con éxito información sobre ambos observables no conmutados a través de registros de medición ordenados por tiempo, lo que permite la tomografía de estado cuántico sin mediciones alternas.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio revela una nueva dinámica de estados cuánticos regida por el principio de incertidumbre durante las mediciones simultáneas sin conmutación.
  • Las técnicas desarrolladas ofrecen nuevas capacidades para el control cuántico, incluida la purificación del estado, la medición adaptativa y la corrección de errores.
  • Proporciona un marco para estudiar los fundamentos cuánticos en los sistemas que interactúan con su entorno a través de grados de libertad no conmutativos.