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Elevación de la superficie y riesgo sísmico dependiente del tiempo debido a la inyección de fluidos en el este de
Manoochehr Shirzaei1, William L Ellsworth2, Kristy F Tiampo3
1School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. shirzaei@asu.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 7, 2016
Resumen
La inyección de aguas residuales en el este de Texas causa elevación del suelo y desencadena terremotos al aumentar la presión de los poros en rocas de baja compresibilidad. Este estudio vincula la actividad sísmica a la inyección de fluidos, incluso cuando las tasas disminuyen.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Ciencia de los terremotos
- Geología ambiental
Sus antecedentes:
- Los vínculos directos entre la inyección de aguas residuales y la sismicidad no están bien establecidos.
- La comprensión de la sismicidad inducida es crucial para gestionar las operaciones de inyección de fluidos subterráneos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar la relación causal entre la inyección de aguas residuales y la actividad sísmica en el este de Texas.
- Para cuantificar los efectos de la inyección de fluido en la tensión de la corteza y la presión de los poros.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó datos de interferometría de radar para detectar la elevación del suelo.
- Mediciones de elevación integradas con los datos de inyección reportados.
- Se empleó un modelo poroelástico para calcular la tensión de la corteza y la presión de los poros.
Principales resultados:
- Inyección de aguas residuales inducida por elevación del suelo detectable a más de 8 km de los pozos.
- Un aumento de la presión de los poros superior a 1 megapascal en rocas de baja compresibilidad desencadenó terremotos.
- La actividad sísmica persistió incluso con la disminución de las tasas de inyección debido a la difusión de la presión porosa.
Conclusiones:
- La inyección de aguas residuales es una causa directa de la sismicidad inducida en el este de Texas.
- La difusión de la presión de los poros juega un papel importante en el momento y la persistencia de los eventos sísmicos.
- Las formaciones geológicas que impiden la propagación de la presión de los poros pueden suprimir la sismicidad inducida.
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