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Adaptación local convergente al clima en coníferas distantes
Sam Yeaman1, Kathryn A Hodgins2, Katie E Lotterhos3
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 7, 2016
Resumen
Las especies estrechamente relacionadas a menudo se adaptan de manera similar, pero este estudio encontró una evolución convergente en pinos y abetos distantes. Los genes clave, particularmente los duplicados, muestran adaptaciones similares a los desafíos climáticos como las temperaturas frías.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- Genómica de las poblaciones
- Ciencias de las plantas
Sus antecedentes:
- Las especies estrechamente relacionadas con frecuencia exhiben adaptaciones evolutivas similares (fenotipos) a los desafíos ambientales utilizando los mismos genes.
- La evolución convergente utilizando los mismos genes se considera menos probable en especies lejanamente relacionadas y para rasgos complejos y poligénicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la adaptación local convergente en todo el genoma entre dos especies distantes relacionadas: el pino lodgepole y el abeto interior.
- Determinar si genes similares están involucrados en la adaptación al clima entre especies con larga divergencia evolutiva.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis genómico de las poblaciones de pino y de abeto interior.
- Identificación de genes asociados con la variación espacial de la temperatura y la resistencia al frío en ambas especies.
Principales resultados:
- Un conjunto de 47 genes mostró variantes relacionadas con la adaptación a la temperatura en ambas especies, lo que indica una evolución convergente.
- Estos 47 genes fueron enriquecidos para genes duplicados, lo que sugiere su importancia en la adaptación.
- Se encontraron evidencias de adaptación local convergente a pesar de 140 millones de años de evolución de especies separadas.
Conclusiones:
- La adaptación local convergente puede ocurrir incluso entre especies distantes.
- La adaptación al clima parece estar limitada genéticamente, con genes específicos que juegan un papel crucial y no redundante.
- Los genes duplicados pueden ser particularmente importantes para facilitar la adaptación convergente a los desafíos ambientales.
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