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Estratificación del agua del manto superior inferida de las observaciones del terremoto del Océano Índico de 2012
Sagar Masuti1, Sylvain D Barbot1, Shun-Ichiro Karato2
1Earth Observatory of Singapore, Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Nature
|October 11, 2016
Resumen
El agua en el manto de la Tierra influye en la tectónica de placas y el vulcanismo. Un terremoto masivo de 2012 reveló el contenido de agua en la astenosfera, lo que sugiere al menos el 0,01% de agua en el manto superior.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Geoquímica
- Física de los minerales
Sus antecedentes:
- El agua es el volátil más abundante de la Tierra, crucial para la convección del manto, la tectónica de placas y el volcanismo de arco.
- La distribución de la profundidad del agua dentro del manto sigue siendo poco conocida.
- El agua debilita significativamente la olivina, el mineral primario del manto superior, proporcionando un medio para estimar su concentración.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para restringir la estratificación del contenido de agua en el manto superior.
- Investigar el papel del agua en la respuesta mecánica de la astenosfera a las perturbaciones sísmicas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando la sensibilidad de la olivina al contenido de agua.
- Análisis de los datos geodésicos del terremoto del Océano Índico de 2012 (Mw 8.6).
- Modelado de arrastre transitorio de la olivina bajo diversas condiciones de temperatura.
Principales resultados:
- La deformación transitoria después del terremoto se explica por el arrastre activado por el agua y el estrés de la olivina.
- Se deduce un contenido mínimo de agua de aproximadamente 0.01% en peso (1.600 H/MSi) para la astenosfera.
- La profundidad de ruptura del terremoto sugiere olivino seco en la litosfera oceánica, con un agudo contraste reológico en el límite litosfera-astenosfera.
Conclusiones:
- El límite entre la litosfera y la astenosfera probablemente marca una zona de deshidratación significativa.
- La migración de la fusión flotante puede ser responsable de la deshidratación y la formación de la corteza oceánica.
- Este estudio proporciona información crítica sobre el ciclo de las aguas profundas y su influencia en la dinámica de las placas.
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