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La salida cortico-fugal de la corteza visual promueve la plasticidad del comportamiento motor innato
Bao-Hua Liu1,2, Andrew D Huberman3, Massimo Scanziani1,2,4
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0634, USA.
Nature
|October 13, 2016
Resumen
La corteza visual influye en los comportamientos motores innatos como el reflejo optocinético (OKR) al proyectarse hacia el tronco cerebral. Estas proyecciones son cruciales para adaptar el OKR
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Sistema de visión
- Control del motor
Sus antecedentes:
- La corteza visual de los mamíferos se conecta con el tronco cerebral a través de proyecciones cortico-fugas, influyendo en los comportamientos motores innatos.
- El reflejo optocinético (OKR), mediado por el sistema óptico accesorio del tronco cerebral, estabiliza las imágenes de la retina y es vital para la visión.
- La plasticidad OKR permite la estabilidad visual de por vida, con la posible participación de las estructuras subcorticales y corticales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de las proyecciones de la corteza visual al tronco cerebral en la mediación de la plasticidad adaptativa del reflejo optocinético (OKR).
Principales métodos:
- Silencio de las proyecciones de la corteza visual al sistema óptico accesorio en ratones.
- Ablación dirigida de neuronas cortico-fugas específicas que se proyectan hacia el sistema óptico accesorio.
- Evaluación de la potenciación del reflejo optocinético (OKR) después del deterioro vestibular.
Principales resultados:
- El silenciamiento de la corteza visual disminuyó la potenciación de OKR, lo que indica el papel de la corteza visual en este proceso de adaptación.
- La ablación de neuronas cortico-fugas específicas que se proyectan al sistema óptico accesorio deterioró gravemente la potenciación de OKR.
- La potenciación de OKR se relacionó con una mayor influencia de la corteza visual en el sistema óptico accesorio.
Conclusiones:
- Las proyecciones cortico-fugas desde la corteza visual hasta el tronco cerebral son esenciales para la plasticidad adaptativa del reflejo optocinético.
- La corteza visual modula activamente los comportamientos motores innatos, extendiendo su función conocida más allá del procesamiento sensorial.
- Esta investigación pone de relieve un nuevo mecanismo por el cual la corteza visual contribuye a mantener la estabilidad visual durante toda la vida.
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