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Daisuke Mayumi1, Hanako Mochimaru1, Hideyuki Tamaki2

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La metanogénesis microbiana ahora puede utilizar compuestos aromáticos complejos que se encuentran en el carbón. Este descubrimiento amplía nuestra comprensión de la formación de gas natural y el ciclo global del carbono.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología
  • Geoquímica
  • Química orgánica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El metano del lecho de carbón es un recurso no convencional importante de gas natural.
  • Se reconoce el papel de la actividad microbiana en la formación de metano en el lecho de carbón, pero la utilización de compuestos aromáticos complejos para la metanogénesis sigue sin estar clara.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el potencial de los metanógenos para producir metano a partir de compuestos aromáticos complejos presentes en el carbón.
  • Para aclarar las vías metabólicas involucradas en esta nueva forma de metanogénesis.

Principales métodos:

  • Aislamiento y cultivo de metanógenos derivados del subsuelo profundo, específicamente de las especies de *Methermicoccus*.
  • Incubación de metanógenos con varios compuestos aromáticos metoxilados (MAC) y muestras de carbón que contengan MAC.
  • Análisis de la producción de metano y subproductos metabólicos para comprender las vías bioquímicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los metanógenos de *Methermicoccus* demostraron la capacidad de producir metano a partir de más de 30 tipos de compuestos aromáticos metoxilados (MAC).
  • También se observó la producción de metano a partir de carbón que contenía MAC.
  • Se identificó una nueva vía de metanogénesis " metoxidotrófica ", que involucra la desmetilación O, la reducción de CO2 y potencialmente el metabolismo de la acetilcoenzima A.

Conclusiones:

  • La metanogénesis metoxidotrófica representa una nueva vía para la formación de gas natural, distinta de las que utilizan compuestos de uno y dos carbonos.
  • La presencia generalizada de MAC derivados de la lignina en los sedimentos subterráneos sugiere que esta vía es significativa para el metano del lecho de carbón y potencialmente otras formaciones de gas natural.
  • Este proceso juega probablemente un papel crucial en el ciclo global del carbono.