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Los efectos de la política universal de dos hijos de China
1National School of Development and Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 19, 2016
Resumen
China también.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La demografía
- Política de salud pública
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- China implementó una política universal de dos hijos en octubre de 2015, reemplazando a la política de un hijo de larga data.
- Este cambio de política tenía como objetivo abordar los desequilibrios demográficos y las necesidades sociales.
- Las medidas anteriores de control de la población tuvieron un impacto significativo en la estructura demográfica de China.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para predecir los resultados demográficos y de salud de la transición de China de una política de un hijo a dos.
- Analizar los beneficios potenciales y los efectos a largo plazo en la estructura y la salud de la población.
- Informar las futuras acciones políticas relativas a la gestión de la población y el bienestar social.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las tendencias demográficas recientes y proyecciones de población.
- Modelado del impacto de la política de dos hijos en el crecimiento y la estructura de la población.
- Evaluación de las posibles mejoras en los resultados sanitarios basadas en cambios en las políticas.
Principales resultados:
- Se proyecta un modesto aumento de la población, llegando a 1.45 mil millones en 2029.
- Se espera que la política reduzca los abortos, elimine los niños no registrados y normalice la proporción de sexos.
- Se esperan resultados positivos para la salud debido a estos cambios demográficos.
Conclusiones:
- La política universal de dos hijos ofrece importantes beneficios sociales y de salud al permitir la elección reproductiva.
- Los efectos a largo plazo sobre la fuerza de trabajo y el envejecimiento de la población surgirán en aproximadamente dos décadas.
- Las intervenciones políticas proactivas son cruciales para hacer frente a las necesidades de una población que envejece.
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