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Modelo atómico para el motor VO incrustado en la membrana de una V-ATPasa eucariota
Mohammad T Mazhab-Jafari1, Alexis Rohou2, Carla Schmidt3
1Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.
Nature
|November 4, 2016
Resumen
Las ATPasas de tipo vacuolar (V-ATPasas) son bombas de protones esenciales. Los investigadores han mapeado la V-ATPasa
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica
- Biología estructural
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Las ATPasas de tipo vacuolar (V-ATPasas) son bombas de protones impulsadas por ATP.
- Regulan los procesos celulares vitales, incluida la endocitosis, la degradación lisosómica y el transporte de iones.
- Los estudios estructurales previos de las V-ATPasas estaban limitados por la variabilidad de la enzima, lo que dificultaba la construcción del modelo atómico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar la estructura de alta resolución del complejo VO ligado a la membrana de la V-ATPasa.
- Para aclarar el mecanismo de la translocación de protones a través del motor V-ATPase.
- Para identificar nuevas subunidades dentro del complejo V-ATPase.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó la microscopía crioelectrónica (cryo-EM) para obtener un mapa de resolución de ~ 3.9-Å del complejo VO.
- Dissociación inducida de la V-ATPasa y autoinhibición en *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* a través de la privación de nutrientes.
- Modelos atómicos construidos para las subunidades VO, incluida una subunidad "f" recientemente identificada.
Principales resultados:
- Reveló las estructuras atómicas de las subunidades VO ac8c'c′′de y la nueva subunidad f.
- Identificó un medio canal citoplasmático para el transporte de protones formado por una cavidad entre la subunidad a y el anillo c.
- Se ha demostrado una distribución asimétrica de los residuos de glutamato transportadores de protones en el anillo c y su interacción con la subunidad a.
Conclusiones:
- La estructura VO determinada proporciona una visión sin precedentes del mecanismo rotativo de las V-ATPasas.
- Los hallazgos sugieren un mecanismo secuencial de protonación / desprotonación acoplado a la rotación impulsada por la hidrólisis de ATP.
- Este estudio avanza en nuestra comprensión de la translocación de protones en motores rotativos biológicos.
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