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El corazón de África: el éxito en contra de las probabilidades
1Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 30, 2016
Resumen
El África subsahariana se enfrenta a una carga creciente de enfermedades cardíacas debido a la urbanización y los cambios en el estilo de vida. Abordar esto requiere investigación innovadora y sistemas de atención médica mejorados para enfermedades como la hipertensión y la enfermedad cardíaca reumática.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El África subsahariana experimenta rápidos cambios demográficos, creciente urbanización y cambios en el estilo de vida.
- Estos cambios se correlacionan con un aumento en las afecciones cardíacas, incluida la enfermedad cardíaca hipertensiva, la enfermedad arterial coronaria, la enfermedad cardíaca reumática, las cardiomiopatías y las enfermedades cardíacas congénitas.
- Las instalaciones de detección limitadas, el diagnóstico tardío y la atención médica inadecuada contribuyen a una carga significativa de insuficiencia cardíaca mal administrada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una perspectiva personal sobre la evolución del panorama de las enfermedades cardíacas en Sudáfrica desde 1992.
- Resumir los avances clave de la investigación en la comprensión de las afecciones cardíacas prevalentes en el África subsahariana.
- Identificar las brechas críticas en el sistema de salud para la gestión de las enfermedades cardíacas transmisibles y no transmisibles.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la experiencia personal y las observaciones clínicas en el Hospital Chris Hani Baragwanath.
- Síntesis de los resultados de los principales estudios como el Corazón de Soweto, THESUS, REMEDY, BA-HEF, Abeokuta-HF y PAPUCO.
- Análisis de la respuesta del sistema de salud a la doble epidemia de enfermedades cardíacas transmisibles y no transmisibles.
Principales resultados:
- Progreso significativo en la comprensión de la epidemiología y fisiopatología de las enfermedades cardíacas comunes en el África subsahariana.
- Los estudios en curso están investigando estrategias de manejo terapéutico óptimas.
- Se ha establecido una red de cardiólogos para fomentar la investigación y la atención colaborativas.
Conclusiones:
- Hay oportunidades sustanciales para la investigación de impacto y la mejora de los resultados de los pacientes en la cardiología africana.
- Abordar la epidemia de enfermedades cardíacas requiere enfoques innovadores y una financiación específica.
- La mejora de la infraestructura sanitaria y el diagnóstico precoz son cruciales para mitigar la carga de las enfermedades cardíacas.
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