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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
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Decodificación de la ELA: de los genes al mecanismo

J Paul Taylor1, Robert H Brown2, Don W Cleveland3,4

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.

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|November 11, 2016
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa fatal. La investigación pone de relieve los factores genéticos y las disfunciones celulares, como los problemas del metabolismo del ARN, que ofrecen esperanza para futuras terapias.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • La genética
  • Biología celular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva y fatal.
  • La degeneración de las neuronas motoras es una característica de la ELA.
  • Los factores genéticos influyen significativamente en el inicio, la susceptibilidad y la progresión de la ELA.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar la comprensión actual de los factores genéticos y los mecanismos celulares en la ELA.
  • Para resaltar temas emergentes en la patogénesis de la ELA.
  • Proporcionar una base de optimismo con respecto al desarrollo terapéutico futuro.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura sobre los factores genéticos en la ELA.
  • Análisis de temas emergentes de disfunción celular.
  • Síntesis de los conocimientos actuales sobre el metabolismo del ARN y la homeostasis de las proteínas en la ELA.

Principales resultados:

  • Numerosos factores genéticos están implicados en la ELA.
  • Las disfunciones celulares clave incluyen alteración del metabolismo del ARN y la homeostasis de las proteínas.
  • Los defectos específicos incluyen el tráfico nucleocitoplasmático, el estrés del retículo endoplasmático y la dinámica corporal de las ribonucleoproteínas.

Conclusiones:

  • La comprensión de la biología de la ELA está avanzando rápidamente.
  • Las investigaciones emergentes apuntan a las vías celulares críticas involucradas en la ELA.
  • El progreso de la ciencia básica ofrece la esperanza de desarrollar terapias efectivas para la ELA.