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La convergencia predecible en la función de la hemoglobina tiene fundamentos moleculares impredecibles

Chandrasekhar Natarajan1, Federico G Hoffmann2, Roy E Weber3

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 16, 2016
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La adaptación genética muestra cambios funcionales predecibles pero raíces moleculares impredecibles. Las mutaciones históricas y los antecedentes genéticos limitan las vías evolutivas, lo que significa que las soluciones adaptativas no son universales en todas las especies.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología evolutiva
  • Evolución molecular
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La adaptación genética impulsa el cambio evolutivo.
  • La afinidad hemoglobina-oxígeno es crucial para la supervivencia a gran altitud.
  • La comprensión de la convergencia revela la previsibilidad evolutiva.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la previsibilidad de la adaptación genética.
  • Examinar las bases moleculares de la evolución de la función de la hemoglobina convergente.
  • Evaluar el papel de la contingencia histórica en la adaptación.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis comparativo de 56 taxones aviares con diferentes rangos de altitud.
  • Análisis de sustitución de aminoácidos en la hemoglobina.
  • Experimentos con las proteínas ancestrales resucitadas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los aumentos convergentes en la afinidad hemoglobina-oxígeno fueron comunes en las aves de gran altitud.
  • Pocos cambios funcionales convergentes resultaron de las sustituciones paralelas de aminoácidos.
  • Las sustituciones históricas tuvieron efectos dependientes del contexto en la función de la proteína.
  • El trasfondo genético influyó en el potencial adaptativo de las mutaciones.

Conclusiones:

  • Los fenotipos bioquímicos pueden mostrar una adaptación predecible.
  • La base molecular para la adaptación no siempre es predecible.
  • La adaptación evolutiva está limitada por la contingencia histórica y el trasfondo genético.