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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Export01:42

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
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Un nuevo camino a través del agujero nuclear

Alejandro Gozalo1, Maya Capelson1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Cell
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores revelaron la estructura de alta resolución del complejo de exportación de ARN mensajero de poros nucleares (ARNm). Este hallazgo desafía la comprensión previa de esta puerta celular crucial y su papel en el transporte nucleocitoplasmático.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular
  • Biología estructural
  • Biología molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • El complejo de poros nucleares (NPC) regula el transporte entre el núcleo y el citoplasma.
  • La comprensión de la estructura de NPC es clave para descifrar las vías de comunicación nucleocitoplasmáticas.
  • Es posible que los modelos existentes de la NPC no reflejen plenamente su naturaleza dinámica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Determinar la estructura de alta resolución del complejo holoexportador de poros nucleares de ARNm en el citoplasma.
  • Proporcionar una base estructural detallada para la exportación de ARNm.
  • Desafiar y refinar los modelos actuales de la arquitectura NPC.

Principales métodos:

  • Para visualizar el complejo se utilizó la criomicroscopia electrónica (Cryo-EM).
  • Se emplearon métodos computacionales avanzados para la reconstrucción estructural.
  • Los ensayos bioquímicos pueden haber sido utilizados para validar el complejo.

Principales resultados:

  • Se obtuvo una estructura de alta resolución del holocomplejo de exportación de poro nuclear citoplasmático de ARNm.
  • La estructura revela nuevos detalles sobre la cara citoplasmática del NPC durante la exportación de ARNm.
  • Los resultados presentan una descripción revisada de la arquitectura y la función de la NPC.

Conclusiones:

  • La estructura determinada desafía las representaciones de los libros de texto del complejo de poros nucleares.
  • Este trabajo ofrece nuevos conocimientos sobre el mecanismo de exportación de ARNm.
  • El conocimiento estructural preciso del NPC es vital para comprender los procesos de transporte celular.