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Las bacterias establecen un espacio de vida acuoso en las plantas crucial para la virulencia

Xiu-Fang Xin¹, Kinya Nomura¹, Kyaw Aung^1,2

¹Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.

|November 25, 2016

Resumen

La alta humedad promueve las enfermedades de las plantas al crear superficies húmedas de hojas. Las toxinas bacterianas pueden explotar esto, convirtiendo bacterias inofensivas en patógenos al formar espacios llenos de agua dentro de las plantas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Patología vegetal
Ecología microbiana
Interacciones moleculares entre plantas y microbios

Sus antecedentes:

La alta humedad tiene un impacto significativo en las enfermedades de las plantas en la filosfera.
Los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen al papel de la humedad en la patogénesis de las plantas siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
Las investigaciones anteriores se centraron en la supresión inmune como un factor primario en la infección bacteriana.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la base molecular de la influencia de la humedad en el desarrollo de enfermedades de las plantas.
Identificar nuevos mecanismos más allá de la supresión inmune involucrada en las infecciones bacterianas de la filosfera.
Explorar el papel de los efectores bacterianos en el establecimiento de condiciones favorables para la infección bajo una alta humedad.

Principales métodos:

Se han utilizado modelos de Pseudomonas syringae (P. syringae) y Arabidopsis thaliana.
Investigó la función del efector bacteriano HopM1 y su huésped objetivo AtMIN7.
Empleó mutantes cuádruples defectuosos en AtMIN7 y inmunidad desencadenada por patrones.
Evaluar los cambios dependientes de la humedad en el microbioma de la filosfera.

Principales resultados:

Demostró que el establecimiento de un apoplasto acuoso impulsado por patógenos es crucial para la infección de la filosfera bajo alta humedad.
Se demostró que los efectores bacterianos como HopM1 pueden inducir la acumulación de agua en los apoplastos.
Se ha demostrado que estos efectores pueden convertir P. syringae no patógenos en patógenos virulentos en condiciones de alta humedad.
Se observó disbiosis dependiente de la humedad de la comunidad bacteriana endofítica en mutantes de Arabidopsis susceptibles.

Conclusiones:

Estableció un nuevo marco conceptual para comprender las interacciones entre plantas y bacterias en la filosfera, enfatizando el papel de la humedad.
Destacó la importancia de la hidratación de los apoplastos, inducida por efectores bacterianos, como una estrategia de virulencia clave.
Reveló un vínculo entre la humedad, el agua de los apoplastos y la estabilidad del microbioma comensal de la planta.

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