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Cuantificación de las pérdidas mundiales de carbono en el suelo en respuesta al calentamiento

T W Crowther^1,2, K E O Todd-Brown³, C W Rowe²

¹Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

|December 2, 2016

Resumen

El calentamiento global puede causar una pérdida significativa de carbono en el suelo, lo que podría acelerar el cambio climático. Este estudio cuantifica la liberación potencial de carbono de los suelos debido al aumento de las temperaturas, destacando un ciclo crítico de retroalimentación positiva.

Área de la Ciencia:

* Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente
* Ciencias del clima
* Ciencias del suelo

Sus antecedentes:

* El suelo terrestre almacena la mayor parte del carbono de la Tierra.
* El calentamiento antropogénico puede liberar carbono del suelo, amplificando el calentamiento global.
* El efecto neto del calentamiento en el balance de carbono del suelo es incierto.

Objetivo del estudio:

* Para analizar los cambios inducidos por el calentamiento en las reservas de carbono del suelo.
* Para estimar la sensibilidad global del carbono del suelo al calentamiento.
* Para informar las proyecciones del modelo del sistema terrestre.

Principales métodos:

* Datos reunidos de 49 experimentos de campo en toda América del Norte, Europa y Asia.
* Efectos del calentamiento en las reservas de carbono del suelo analizados.
* Relaciones empíricas extrapoladas a escala global.

Principales resultados:

* Los impactos del calentamiento en el carbono del suelo dependen del tamaño inicial de las reservas de carbono.
* Las zonas de altas latitudes muestran considerables pérdidas de carbono en el suelo.
* Las reservas mundiales de carbono en el suelo pueden disminuir en 30203 petagramas por grado de calentamiento.
* Un escenario de negocio como de costumbre podría liberar 55 ± 50 petagramos de carbono para el año 2050.

Conclusiones:

* Es probable que el aumento de las temperaturas provoque una pérdida neta de carbono del suelo en la atmósfera.
* Esto representa una retroalimentación positiva entre el carbono de la tierra y el clima.
* Los hallazgos apoyan empíricamente la aceleración del cambio climático debido a la liberación de carbono en el suelo inducida por el calentamiento.

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