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El transporte de cloruro a través de los canales iónicos supramoleculares de barril-roseta: control lipofílico y

Tanmoy Saha¹, Amitosh Gautam¹, Arnab Mukherjee¹

¹Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|December 10, 2016

Resumen

Los investigadores diseñaron nuevos canales de iones supramoleculares selectivos para cloruro utilizando diolos vicinales y un núcleo rígido. Estos canales artificiales facilitan el transporte de cloruro, interrumpen la homeostasis iónica celular e inducen la apoptosis, ofreciendo nuevas herramientas para aplicaciones biológicas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química supramolecular
Biología química
Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

Disponibilidad limitada de canales de iones artificiales para aplicaciones biológicas.
Creciente interés en la muerte celular mediada por cloruro y los portadores de iones sintéticos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar nuevos canales de iones supramoleculares selectivos para cloruro.
Investigar su mecanismo de acción y sus efectos biológicos.

Principales métodos:

Diseño y síntesis de monómeros basados en diol vicinal atados a un núcleo de 1,3-dietilbenceno.
Formación de canales iónicos de barril y roseta.
Ajuste de la lipofilia de los monómeros.
Experimentos con las membranas de las dos capas de lípidos.
Pruebas de captación celular y de apoptosis.

Principales resultados:

Formación exitosa de canales iónicos supramoleculares selectivos para el cloruro.
Se ha demostrado el transporte selectivo de cloruro a través de un mecanismo antipuerto.
Se ha confirmado la formación de canales en las membranas de las bicapas de lípidos.
Se ha observado el transporte de cloruro a través de canales iónicos artificiales en las células, alterando la homeostasis iónica.
Inducción de la vía de la apoptosis intrínseca mediada por la caspasa.

Conclusiones:

Los diolos vecinos en un núcleo rígido forman canales de iones de barril-roseta activos.
La lipofilia controla la actividad del canal.
Estos canales artificiales pueden inducir la muerte celular al perturbar la homeostasis del cloruro.

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