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Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

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In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
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Positive and Negative Feedback Loops01:18

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

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Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
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Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems01:23

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems

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The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
The construction rules for the root locus in positive feedback systems are similar to those in...
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Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

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Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
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Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

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Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
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Control System Problem01:21

Control System Problem

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In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
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Circuito de retroalimentación negativa basado en el interruptor de hidrazona

Susnata Pramanik1, Ivan Aprahamian1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 10, 2016
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Se desarrolló un nuevo circuito de retroalimentación negativa utilizando desprotonación acoplada por coordinación (CCD) de un interruptor de hidrazona. Este sistema se autorregula secuestrando el exceso de iones de zinc, apagándose efectivamente.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ingeniería Química
  • Química supramolecular
  • Tecnologías de detección

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los circuitos de retroalimentación negativa son cruciales para el control de los procesos químicos.
  • La química de la hidrazona ofrece plataformas versátiles para el diseño molecular.
  • La detección y el secuestro de iones metálicos son desafíos importantes.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un nuevo mecanismo de retroalimentación negativa.
  • Para utilizar la desprotonación acoplada por coordinación (CCD) para el control de retroalimentación.
  • Crear un sistema para la gestión dinámica de los iones de zinc.

Principales métodos:

  • Diseño y síntesis de un interruptor molecular basado en hidrazona.
  • Investigación de la desprotonación acoplada por coordinación (CCD) provocada por el zinc (II).
  • Caracterización de la reacción en cascada que conduce a la formación de imina y al secuestro de zinc.

Principales resultados:

  • Se estableció con éxito un circuito de retroalimentación negativa funcional basado en CCD.
  • El sistema desencadena efectivamente una reacción en cascada por encima de un umbral de zinc.
  • Una imina intermedia secuestra el exceso de zinc, deteniendo el proceso.

Conclusiones:

  • El interruptor de hidrazona desarrollado proporciona una plataforma robusta para el control de retroalimentación negativa.
  • Este sistema demuestra una eficiente autorregulación en respuesta a la concentración de zinc.
  • El enfoque tiene aplicaciones potenciales en materiales inteligentes y detección química.