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Las restricciones sísmicas en la dinámica de la caldera de la erupción del Axial Seamount de 2015
William S D Wilcock1, Maya Tolstoy2, Felix Waldhauser2
1School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. wilcock@uw.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 17, 2016
Resumen
Un nuevo observatorio con cables en Axial Seamount capturó una erupción volcánica submarina en 2015. Los datos sísmicos revelaron la reactivación de la falla del anillo de la caldera y la propagación del dique, ofreciendo información sobre los procesos volcánicos submarinos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Volcanología
- Sismología
- La oceanografía
Sus antecedentes:
- El monitoreo de las calderas submarinas es difícil.
- Axial Seamount es un volcán submarino activo en la cordillera de Juan de Fuca.
- Se instaló un nuevo observatorio con cables en Axial Seamount.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para monitorear la actividad sísmica en tiempo real en una caldera submarina.
- Para entender los procesos que conducen a y durante una erupción volcánica.
- Para investigar el papel de las fallas de los anillos de la caldera en la actividad volcánica.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de un observatorio sísmico por cable.
- Adquisición y análisis de datos sísmicos en tiempo real.
- Análisis de la actividad sísmica anterior, durante y después de una erupción.
Principales resultados:
- El observatorio capturó una erupción submarina de 2015 con señales acústicas explosivas.
- La actividad sísmica previa a la erupción indicó la reactivación de la falla del anillo de la caldera y el desencadenamiento de la marea.
- La falla de anillo facilitó la propagación del dique durante las fases de inflación y deflación.
Conclusiones:
- El monitoreo sísmico en tiempo real es factible en calderas submarinas.
- Las fallas de anillo de la caldera juegan un papel crucial en el alojamiento de magma y las vías de dique.
- Las fuerzas de marea pueden indicar sistemas volcánicos críticamente estresados.
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