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Un mapa global de las zonas sin carreteras y su estado de conservación

Pierre L Ibisch^1,2, Monika T Hoffmann¹, Stefan Kreft^1,2

¹Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Moeller-Straße 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 17, 2016

Resumen

La construcción de carreteras fragmenta áreas vitales sin carreteras, cruciales para la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos. La protección global de estos hábitats restantes es urgente para evitar una mayor degradación y pérdida.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Biología de la conservación
Ciencias del medio ambiente

Sus antecedentes:

Las carreteras fragmentan los paisajes, lo que lleva a la degradación de los ecosistemas y a la pérdida de biodiversidad.
Las grandes áreas sin carreteras son refugios críticos para la biodiversidad y proporcionan servicios ecosistémicos esenciales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para crear un mapa global de las zonas sin carreteras.
Evaluar el estado, la calidad y la cobertura de las áreas protegidas de las zonas sin carreteras.

Principales métodos:

Aplicado un amortiguador de 1 kilómetro a todas las carreteras globales.
Analizó la fragmentación y la distribución del tamaño de las áreas sin carreteras restantes.

Principales resultados:

Aproximadamente el 80% de la superficie terrestre no tiene carreteras, fragmentadas en ~ 600,000 parches.
Más de la mitad de estos parches son de menos de 1 km2, y sólo el 7% supera los 100 km2.
La protección global de las zonas sin carreteras de importancia ecológica es insuficiente.

Conclusiones:

Las zonas sin carreteras están muy fragmentadas a nivel mundial.
Los niveles actuales de protección son inadecuados para conservar estos ecosistemas vitales.
El reconocimiento y la protección internacionales urgentes son necesarios para evitar una mayor pérdida de áreas sin carreteras.

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