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Segregación funcional de los genes superpuestos en el VIH

Jason D Fernandes¹, Tyler B Faust², Nicolas B Strauli³

¹Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

|December 17, 2016

Resumen

Los genes superpuestos en el VIH-1, como el tat y el rev, están organizados para beneficiar al virus. Esta estructura "segregada" proporciona una ventaja de aptitud, convirtiendo las restricciones evolutivas en una ventaja para la población viral.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva
Virología
La genética

Sus antecedentes:

Los genes superpuestos presentan desafíos evolutivos ya que una sola secuencia de ADN debe adaptarse a las presiones selectivas de múltiples proteínas.
El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) utiliza genes superpuestos, específicamente tat y rev, presentando un estudio de caso único para la adaptación evolutiva.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la organización evolutiva y las implicaciones funcionales de los genes superpuestos en el VIH-1.
Para determinar cómo el VIH-1 supera las limitaciones impuestas por la superposición de genes y si esta organización ofrece alguna ventaja física.

Principales métodos:

Se realizaron análisis estadísticos y mutacionales sistemáticos de los genes tat y rev superpuestos del VIH-1.
Se diseñaron bibliotecas exhaustivas de virus no superpuestos para permitir el escaneo mutacional profundo e independiente de cada gen.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó una organización "segregada" en sitios superpuestos, donde los residuos codifican la importancia funcional para el gen tat o rev, pero no para ambos.
Esta organización segregada elimina efectivamente los genotipos no aptos, lo que confiere una ventaja de aptitud a la población viral.

Conclusiones:

El VIH-1 exhibe una estrategia extraordinaria para minimizar y reutilizar las restricciones de los genes superpuestos.
Los genes superpuestos en el VIH-1 no son meramente consecuencias evolutivas, sino que pueden contribuir activamente a las ventajas de la aptitud de la población.

Palabras clave:

El VIH El Rev.¿ Qué es eso ?Escaneo de alanina Escaneo mutativo profundo La evolución Cuadrados de lectura superpuestos sobreimpresión Evolución del virus el virus

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