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La proliferación microestructural en la corteza humana se combina con el desarrollo del procesamiento facial
Jesse Gomez1, Michael A Barnett2, Vaidehi Natu2
1Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 7, 2017
Resumen
El tejido cerebral se desarrolla a través del crecimiento, no solo la poda, mejorando las habilidades de reconocimiento facial desde la infancia hasta la edad adulta. Esta proliferación microestructural en las áreas visuales impulsa mejoras funcionales y regiones cerebrales especializadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Neurociencia del desarrollo
- La neurociencia cognitiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender los cambios en el tejido cortical durante el desarrollo es crucial para explicar las mejoras cognitivas.
- Las áreas visuales de alto nivel, particularmente aquellas para el reconocimiento facial y del lugar, experimentan transformaciones significativas desde la infancia hasta la edad adulta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo evolucionan las propiedades del tejido cortical con la edad.
- Para correlacionar los cambios microestructurales y funcionales en las áreas visuales con las mejoras de comportamiento en las tareas de reconocimiento.
- Proponer un nuevo modelo para el desarrollo del cerebro.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron imágenes de resonancia magnética cuantitativa y funcional (IRM) para estudiar a niños y adultos.
- Se evaluaron las propiedades microstruturales y la selectividad funcional de las áreas visuales.
- Para la validación se utilizaron mediciones citoarquitectónicas postmortem.
Principales resultados:
- El desarrollo de las regiones selectivas de cara está impulsado principalmente por la proliferación microestructural, a diferencia de las regiones selectivas de lugar.
- El aumento de la proliferación microestructural se correlaciona con una mayor selectividad funcional para las caras y un mejor reconocimiento facial.
- Los adultos exhiben propiedades tisulares diferenciadas entre las regiones selectivas de la cara y el lugar, confirmadas por datos citoarquitectónicos.
Conclusiones:
- El desarrollo cortical, particularmente en las áreas de procesamiento facial, implica una proliferación de tejidos significativa.
- La función y el comportamiento cerebrales emergentes pueden resultar de la proliferación de tejidos, desafiando el papel exclusivo de la poda sináptica.
- Este estudio proporciona una nueva perspectiva sobre los mecanismos subyacentes a la maduración cognitiva.
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