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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components
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Estructuras del canal activado por hiperpolarización HCN1 humano

Chia-Hsueh Lee1, Roderick MacKinnon1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell
|January 14, 2017
PubMed
Resumen

Revelamos la estructura de los canales HCN, cruciales para los ritmos del corazón y el cerebro. Estas estructuras explican la selectividad iónica única y cómo el AMP cíclico (cAMP) controla el canal de entrada para la regulación de la frecuencia cardíaca.

Palabras clave:
estructura atómicamarcapasos cardíaco y neuronalMicroscopía criolectrónicaCanal de iones activado por hiperpolarizaciónSelectividad iónicaDisparos rítmicosPuertas dependientes de la tensión

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La biofísica
  • Biología molecular
  • Biología estructural

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los canales activados por hiperpolarización de nucleótidos cíclicos (HCN) regulan la actividad rítmica en las células marcapasos cardíacas y neuronales.
  • Los canales HCN exhiben una polaridad inversa de dependencia de voltaje, modulada por el monofosfato de adenosina cíclico intracelular (cAMP).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Determinar las estructuras de alta resolución de los canales HCN humanos.
  • Para dilucidar los mecanismos de la selectividad iónica única, la puerta de voltaje invertido y la regulación mediada por cAMP.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó la crio-microscopía electrónica (cryo-EM) para obtener estructuras del canal HCN humano.
  • Las estructuras se determinaron tanto en ausencia como en presencia de cAMP a una resolución de 3,5 Å.

Principales resultados:

  • Las estructuras revelan una secuencia de formación de filtro de selectividad de canal K+ única responsable de la permeabilidad de Na+ y K+.
  • El sensor de voltaje está en una conformación despolarizada con el poro cerrado, con una hélice S4 extendida que cierra el poro.
  • La unión de cAMP induce cambios conformacionales en los dominios citoplasmáticos, promoviendo la apertura de los poros.

Conclusiones:

  • Estas estructuras proporcionan una visión sin precedentes de la base molecular de la función del canal HCN.
  • Los hallazgos avanzan en la comprensión de la selectividad iónica, la polaridad de entrada inversa y el papel de la cAMP en la regulación del ritmo cardíaco y neuronal.