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Los genomas de Plasmodium malariae y P. ovale proporcionan información sobre la evolución del parásito de la malaria
Gavin G Rutledge1, Ulrike Böhme1, Mandy Sanders1
1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Nature
|January 25, 2017
Resumen
Los datos genéticos para las especies de Plasmodium malariae y Plasmodium ovale eran limitados, lo que dificultaba los estudios evolutivos. Los nuevos datos del genoma aclaran sus relaciones y adaptaciones evolutivas a los huéspedes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica
- Biología evolutiva
- Parasitología
Sus antecedentes:
- La información genética limitada para las especies de Plasmodium malariae y Plasmodium ovale (P. o. curtisi, P. o. wallikeri) ha dificultado la comprensión de su historia evolutiva y su relación con otros parásitos de Plasmodium que infectan a los humanos.
- Estas especies causantes de malaria están muy extendidas y a menudo no se ven con el microscopio, lo que complica los estudios in vivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Establecer las relaciones evolutivas de las especies P. malariae y P. ovale dentro del género Plasmodium.
- Investigar las adaptaciones evolutivas y las capacidades de cambio de huésped de estas especies de Plasmodium.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación y análisis de un nuevo genoma de referencia para P. malariae.
- Curaduría y análisis manuales de un proyecto de genoma para P. o. curtisi.
- Genómica comparativa y análisis de fechas moleculares.
Principales resultados:
- Colocación filogenética precisa de P. malariae y P. o. curtisi dentro del género Plasmodium.
- Identificación de firmas de selección similares en P. malariae y un linaje de Plasmodium de doble huésped, lo que sugiere adaptaciones de huéspedes paralelos.
- La datación molecular indica escalas de tiempo evolutivas convergentes para las adaptaciones del huésped.
- Descubrimiento de una familia de proteínas de superficie de P. malariae potencialmente involucrada en la invasión de glóbulos rojos.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona información genómica crucial sobre la evolución de las especies de Plasmodium, en particular P. malariae y P. ovale.
- Comprender la base genética de la adaptación del huésped en Plasmodium es esencial para los esfuerzos de control y erradicación de la malaria.
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