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Colisiones protegidas por simetría entre fotones fuertemente interactuantes

Jeff D Thompson^1,2, Travis L Nicholson³, Qi-Yu Liang³

¹Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

|January 25, 2017

Resumen

Los investigadores lograron interacciones fotón-fotón controladas en un gas atómico ultrafrío, lo que demuestra un cambio de fase robusto esencial para las tecnologías cuánticas. Este avance permite avances en conmutadores de un solo fotón y puertas lógicas cuánticas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Física Cuántica
Física atómica
Óptica

Sus antecedentes:

La realización de fenómenos cuánticos robustos en sistemas fuertemente interactuantes es un desafío clave en la ciencia física moderna.
Explorando varias plataformas como sistemas de materia condensada, átomos atrapados y fotones para aplicaciones cuánticas.
Las interacciones fotón-fotón son típicamente insignificantes, pero han sido diseñadas en sistemas específicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para demostrar una colisión de intercambio controlada y coherente entre dos fotones.
Para lograr un cambio de fase significativo que acompañe a la interacción fotón-fotón.
Explorar la robustez y los mecanismos subyacentes de estas interacciones diseñadas.

Principales métodos:

Utilizando el acoplamiento coherente entre la luz y las excitaciones de Rydberg en un gas atómico ultrafrío.
Diseñar fuertes interacciones entre fotones individuales.
Medición del desplazamiento de fase resultante de las colisiones fotón-fotón.

Principales resultados:

Demostró una colisión de intercambio controlada y coherente entre dos fotones.
Se observó un robusto desplazamiento de fase π/2 (medido como 0,48) independiente de los parámetros experimentales precisos.
Logró este efecto con una absorción mínima de fotones, lo que indica una alta fidelidad.

Conclusiones:

La interacción fotón-fotón diseñada proporciona un mecanismo robusto para el control cuántico.
Este trabajo abre caminos para el desarrollo de interruptores de un solo fotón y puertas lógicas cuánticas totalmente ópticas.
Permite la exploración de nuevos fenómenos cuánticos de muchos cuerpos que involucran fotones fuertemente interactuados.

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