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Observación de la transición de Wigner-Huntington al hidrógeno metálico

Ranga P Dias¹, Isaac F Silvera²

¹Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 28, 2017

Resumen

Los investigadores lograron el hidrógeno metálico, un potencial superconductor a temperatura ambiente, al someter el hidrógeno sólido a una presión extrema. Este avance podría revolucionar el almacenamiento de energía y las aplicaciones de cohetes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Física de la materia condensada
Ciencias de los materiales
Física de altas presiones

Sus antecedentes:

El hidrógeno metálico es una fase teóricamente predicha del hidrógeno con aplicaciones potenciales como superconductor a temperatura ambiente y en cohetes.
Lograr el hidrógeno metálico requiere presiones extremadamente altas, lo que lo convierte en un desafío experimental significativo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para producir experimentalmente y caracterizar el hidrógeno metálico.
Para investigar las propiedades del hidrógeno a altas presiones.

Principales métodos:

Estudiar el hidrógeno molecular sólido a bajas temperaturas y altas presiones.
Utilizando una célula de yunque de diamante para lograr presiones de hasta 495 gigapascales.
Medición de la reflectancia del hidrógeno a estas presiones.

Principales resultados:

Se observó que el hidrógeno se vuelve metálico a 495 gigapascales con una reflectividad de 0,91.
El análisis con el modelo de electrones libres de Drude arrojó una frecuencia plasmática de 32,5 ± 2,1 eV.
Se determinó una densidad de portador de electrones de 7.7 ± 1.1 × 10^23 cm^-3, consistente con el hidrógeno metálico atómico.

Conclusiones:

La transición disociativa de Wigner-Huntington al hidrógeno metálico atómico se logró en el laboratorio.
Las propiedades observadas son consistentes con un metal atómico, lo que sugiere que se ha creado una nueva fase de hidrógeno.
Este logro abre caminos para explorar el potencial del hidrógeno metálico en aplicaciones de superconductividad y energía.

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