La intervención estroma: regulación de la inmunidad y la inflamación en la barrera epitelial-mesenquimal
Roni Nowarski1, Ruaidhrí Jackson1, Richard A Flavell2
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Cell
|January 28, 2017
Resumen
El sistema inmune utiliza células de barrera para equilibrar la inflamación y la inmunidad, manteniendo la salud en las superficies del cuerpo como el intestino y la piel. Esta investigación explora cómo estas células se comunican con las células inmunes y los microbios para controlar la inflamación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Biología celular
- Microbiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El sistema inmunológico equilibra la inflamación y la inmunosupresión para proteger los órganos y resolver la lesión.
- La homeostasis inmune es un desafío en los sitios de barrera debido a la exposición constante a los agentes ambientales.
- Las células de barrera epitelial y mesenquimal desempeñan un papel crucial en la regulación de la función celular inmune y las respuestas locales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar los circuitos inmunorreguladores que involucran células epiteliales y mesenquimales en el intestino, las vías respiratorias y la piel.
- Para discutir cómo las células inmunes, las células de barrera y la microbiota orquestan la homeostasis inmune local y la inflamación.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de estudios recientes sobre la regulación inmune mediada por células epiteliales y mesenquimales.
- Análisis de los circuitos inmunorreguladores en las zonas de barrera (intestino, vías respiratorias, piel).
- Examen de las redes de comunicación inmunológica que involucran a las células hematopoyéticas y la microbiota.
Principales resultados:
- Las células epiteliales y mesenquimales son reguladores clave de la función de las células inmunes en los sitios de barrera.
- Los complejos circuitos inmunorreguladores que involucran a estas células de barrera, las células hematopoyéticas y la microbiota mantienen la homeostasis inmune local.
- La desregulación de estos circuitos puede conducir a una inflamación destructiva en los sitios de barrera.
Conclusiones:
- Las células epiteliales y mesenquimales son componentes críticos de la defensa del sistema inmunológico en los sitios de barrera.
- Comprender estas interacciones celulares es vital para abordar las enfermedades inflamatorias que afectan el intestino, las vías respiratorias y la piel.
- Dirigirse a estas vías de comunicación puede ofrecer estrategias terapéuticas para los trastornos inmunomediados.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
Inflammatory Response
17.7K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
17.7K
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
5.7K
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
5.7K
The Tumor Microenvironment
8.0K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
8.0K
T Cell Types and Functions
3.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.0K
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.6K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.6K
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
4.2K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
4.2K


