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El grafito al diamante: origen de la selectividad cinética

Yao-Ping Xie1,2, Xiao-Jie Zhang1, Zhi-Pan Liu1

  • 1Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 8, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El grafito se transforma en diamante hexagonal, no en diamante cúbico, bajo una leve compresión. Esta sorprendente selectividad se explica por nuevas estructuras a nivel atómico que facilitan la formación de diamantes hexagonales y una cinética más rápida.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Física del estado sólido
  • La cristalografía

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transición de fase sólida del grafito al diamante bajo compresión estática está termodinámicamente favorecida hacia el diamante cúbico.
  • Sin embargo, las observaciones experimentales muestran una preferencia por la formación de diamantes hexagonales incluso en condiciones suaves (15 GPa).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar los mecanismos a nivel atómico que rigen la cinética de la transición de fase de grafito a diamante.
  • Para explicar la formación preferente del diamante hexagonal sobre el diamante cúbico bajo una leve compresión estática.

Principales métodos:

  • Exploración global de las superficies de energía potencial para identificar estructuras intermedias de baja energía.
  • Análisis cinético cuantitativo de las vías de transición grafito-diamante.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificación de siete tipos de estructuras intermedias de baja energía cruciales para la cinética de la transición.
  • El diamante hexagonal exhibe una fácil nucleación dentro de la matriz de grafito debido a las interfaces coherentes grafito / diamante hexagonal.
  • La cinética de propagación para el diamante hexagonal es significativamente más rápida que para el diamante cúbico.

Conclusiones:

  • La selectividad observada para el diamante hexagonal está controlada cinéticamente, no impulsada termodinámicamente.
  • Las interfaces coherentes promueven la rápida nucleación y el crecimiento del diamante hexagonal.
  • La formación de diamantes cúbicos es significativamente más lenta debido a la falta de sitios de nucleación coherentes y a menudo se mezcla con el crecimiento de diamantes hexagonales.