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Resolver el problema cuántico de muchos cuerpos con redes neuronales artificiales

Giuseppe Carleo1, Matthias Troyer2,3

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física Cuántica
  • Física computacional
  • Aprendizaje automático

Sus antecedentes:

  • El problema cuántico de muchos cuerpos es computacionalmente intensivo debido a la complejidad exponencial de las funciones de onda.
  • Describir las correlaciones no triviales en los sistemas cuánticos sigue siendo un desafío significativo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Demostrar la capacidad del aprendizaje automático para reducir la complejidad del problema cuántico de muchos cuerpos.
  • Introducir una nueva representación variacional para los estados cuánticos utilizando redes neuronales artificiales.
  • Presentar un esquema de aprendizaje por refuerzo para encontrar estados básicos y simular la evolución del tiempo.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando redes neuronales artificiales con un número variable de neuronas ocultas para la representación variacional.
  • Implementación de un esquema de aprendizaje por refuerzo para entrenar la red neuronal.
  • Aplicación del método a modelos prototipo de giros en interacción en una y dos dimensiones.

Principales resultados:

  • El aprendizaje automático reduce sistemáticamente la complejidad de la función de onda de muchos cuerpos.
  • El esquema de aprendizaje por refuerzo identifica con éxito los estados básicos.
  • El enfoque describe con precisión la evolución del tiempo unitario de los sistemas cuánticos complejos que interactúan.
  • Se logró una alta precisión para los modelos de giros en interacción unidimensional y bidimensional.

Conclusiones:

  • El aprendizaje automático ofrece un enfoque computacional tratable para el problema cuántico de muchos cuerpos.
  • La representación de la red neuronal propuesta y el esquema de aprendizaje por refuerzo son efectivos para la simulación de sistemas cuánticos.
  • Este método es prometedor para abordar los complejos desafíos de la física cuántica.