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Activación de dihidrógeno y acetileno por un par de Lewis de oro (I) / platino (0)

Jesús Campos¹

¹Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|February 11, 2017

Resumen

Este estudio presenta el primer par de Lewis frustrado (FLP) utilizando solo metales de transición, específicamente complejos de oro y platino. Estos nuevos FLPs activan efectivamente el dihidrógeno y el acetileno, de manera similar a los sistemas del grupo principal.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química organometálica
Catálisis
Química supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

Los pares de Lewis frustrados (FLP) se componen típicamente de elementos del grupo principal.
Los complejos de metales de transición ofrecen propiedades electrónicas y estéricas únicas para el diseño de FLP.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para sintetizar y caracterizar el primer par de Lewis frustrado (FLP) utilizando exclusivamente centros de metal de transición.
Investigar la reactividad de este nuevo metal de transición FLP hacia la activación de moléculas pequeñas.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizan complejos de oro (I) y platino (O) con ligandos voluminosos de fosfina (P^tBu3 y terfenilfosfina).
Se han empleado técnicas espectroscópicas y cristalográficas para caracterizar los productos intermedios.

Principales resultados:

Se ha construido con éxito un FLP basado en metales de transición utilizando centros Au ((I) y Pt ((0).
Se ha demostrado la capacidad del FLP para activar el dihidrógeno (H2) y el acetileno (C2H2).
Complejos heterometálicos aislados nuevos de Au (I) /Pt (II) con puentes de hidruro, acetilo y vinilo.

Conclusiones:

Los centros de metales de transición pueden imitar efectivamente el comportamiento de los elementos del grupo principal en la química de FLP.
Este trabajo amplía el alcance de las aplicaciones de FLP en la activación y catálisis de pequeñas moléculas.
Los complejos heterobimetálicos aislados proporcionan información sobre las vías de reacción mediadas por FLP.

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