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Aplicaciones de la inmunogenómica en el cáncer
X Shirley Liu1, Elaine R Mardis2
1Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston MA 02215, USA.
Cell
|February 11, 2017
Resumen
La inmunogenómica del cáncer identifica los neoantígenos tumorales de las mutaciones utilizando secuenciación y análisis computacional. Esto guía las terapias personalizadas del cáncer mediante la comprensión de la respuesta inmune a estos nuevos péptidos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- La genómica
- En el campo de la oncología
Sus antecedentes:
- La inmunogenómica del cáncer inicialmente se centró en las mutaciones que crean péptidos "no propios" reconocidos por el sistema inmunológico.
- La identificación de estos antígenos específicos del tumor, llamados neoantígenos, es crucial para comprender la inmunidad contra el cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir las metodologías e implicaciones del descubrimiento de neoantígenos en el cáncer.
- Para resaltar cómo el perfil de neoantigenos informa las estrategias terapéuticas personalizadas del cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando la secuenciación de próxima generación para detectar alteraciones somáticas en genomas de cáncer.
- El uso de análisis computacionales especializados y predicciones de unión de HLA para identificar posibles neoantígenos.
- Caracterización de las células inmunes que se infiltran en el tumor y el repertorio de receptores de células T / B.
Principales resultados:
- La predicción del neoantígeno permite la cuantificación de la carga de neoantígeno de un tumor.
- El análisis revela los tipos de células inmunes que se infiltran en el microambiente del tumor.
- La caracterización de los repertorios de receptores de células inmunes proporciona información sobre las respuestas inmunes.
Conclusiones:
- La identificación del neoantígeno es un componente clave de la inmunogenómica moderna del cáncer.
- Comprender los neoantígenos y el paisaje inmune facilita el diseño de vacunas y terapias personalizadas contra el cáncer.
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