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Una fase de rayas con propiedades supersólidas en condensados de Bose-Einstein acoplados a la órbita de espín
Jun-Ru Li1, Jeongwon Lee1, Wujie Huang1
11Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Nature
|March 3, 2017
Resumen
Los investigadores observaron propiedades supersólidas en los condensados de Bose-Einstein, combinando la superfluidez con un orden similar al sólido. Este avance confirma las predicciones teóricas y abre nuevas vías para el estudio de los fenómenos cuánticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La física cuántica
- Física de la materia condensada
Sus antecedentes:
- La supersolididad fusiona la superfluidez con el orden espacial de tipo sólido, una combinación desafiante.
- Las investigaciones anteriores sobre el sólido 4He revelaron fenómenos relacionados, pero no la supersolididad.
- La generalización de la supersolididad a otros sistemas, como los condensados de Bose-Einstein, es un área de investigación activa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Detectar experimentalmente la fase de rayas predicha con propiedades supersólidas en condensados de Bose-Einstein acoplados a la órbita de espín.
- Confirmar la coexistencia de la modulación de densidad y la superfluidez en dichos sistemas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó la reflexión de Bragg para sondear la modulación de densidad del condensado de Bose-Einstein.
- Se analizó la distribución del momento para confirmar las propiedades superfluidas.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó la modulación de densidad predicha, indicando un orden espontáneo de largo alcance.
- Se mantuvo una fuerte distribución de impulso, confirmando la naturaleza superfluida del condensado.
- Estableció un sistema que exhibe propiedades continuas de ruptura de simetría.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona la primera evidencia experimental de propiedades supersólidas en condensados de Bose-Einstein acoplados a órbita de espín.
- Este sistema demuestra una ruptura de simetría continua, excitaciones colectivas y comportamiento superfluido.
- Abre nuevas posibilidades para explorar las fases y fenómenos cuánticos.
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