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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
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Imán de lectura y escritura de un solo átomo

Fabian D Natterer1,2, Kai Yang1,3, William Paul1

  • 1IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, USA.

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PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores lograron el almacenamiento magnético a escala atómica leyendo y escribiendo átomos de holmio individuales en óxido de magnesio. Estos bits de un solo átomo retienen información magnética durante horas, allanando el camino para el almacenamiento de datos de ultra alta densidad.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Física Cuántica
  • Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La búsqueda de una mayor densidad de almacenamiento de datos empuja hacia el límite último de los bits magnéticos de un solo átomo.
  • Estudios previos demostraron largos tiempos de relajación magnética en átomos de lantánidos individuales, pero la dirección individual seguía siendo un desafío.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para demostrar la lectura y escritura eléctrica del magnetismo en átomos de holmio individuales en óxido de magnesio (MgO).
  • Para confirmar la estabilidad y el funcionamiento independiente de los bits magnéticos de un solo átomo para aplicaciones de almacenamiento de datos.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó microscopía de túnel de barrido para la escritura eléctrica de estados magnéticos utilizando pulsos de corriente.
  • Túnel de magnetorresistencia empleado para la lectura de los estados magnéticos de átomos de holmio individuales.
  • Se han confirmado las propiedades magnéticas y la estabilidad utilizando una resonancia de espín de electrones de un solo átomo en un átomo de sensores de hierro cercano.

Principales resultados:

  • Leer y escribir con éxito estados magnéticos de átomos de holmio individuales en MgO, con información retenida durante muchas horas.
  • Se confirmó un gran momento magnético fuera del plano para los átomos de holmio en MgO (10,1 ± 0,1 magnetones de Bohr).
  • Demostró la operación independiente de dos bits de holmio en una estructura a escala atómica, escribiendo y leyendo los cuatro estados posibles.

Conclusiones:

  • La memoria magnética de un solo átomo es factible, con átomos de holmio individuales en MgO que sirven como bits estables y direccionables.
  • La combinación de capacidades eléctricas de lectura/escritura y alta estabilidad magnética abre nuevas vías para el almacenamiento de datos de densidad ultra alta.