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El fitoplancton puede diversificar activamente su estrategia migratoria en respuesta a señales turbulentas
Anupam Sengupta1,2, Francesco Carrara1,2, Roman Stocker1,2
1Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nature
|March 16, 2017
Resumen
El fitoplancton marino, como Heterosigma akashiwo, cambia activamente la dirección de la migración en respuesta a la turbulencia. Esta estrategia de cobertura de apuestas ayuda a las especies móviles a evadir las duras condiciones y sobrevivir en entornos oceánicos dinámicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología marina
- La oceanografía
- Dinámica de fluidos
Sus antecedentes:
- El fitoplancton marino enfrenta desafíos ambientales debido a la turbulencia, los nutrientes y la disponibilidad de luz.
- El fitoplancton móvil utiliza migraciones verticales dieléctricas para optimizar la adquisición de recursos, pero la turbulencia puede interrumpir esto.
- Se cree que la turbulencia favorece a las especies no móviles sobre las móviles al interrumpir la migración.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si el fitoplancton móvil puede responder activamente a las señales turbulentas.
- Comprender los mecanismos y las implicaciones de tales respuestas para la sucesión de especies.
- Explorar el potencial de adaptación activa a las condiciones hidrodinámicas.
Principales métodos:
- Exponer las poblaciones de fitoplancton (rafidófitos, dinoflagelados) a las turbulencias oceánicas simuladas (remolinos a escala de Kolmogorov).
- Observando el comportamiento de la población utilizando análisis morfológico cuantitativo, centrándose en Heterosigma akashiwo.
- Empleando modelos de mecánica celular para analizar cambios de comportamiento y respuestas celulares.
Principales resultados:
- Las poblaciones de fitoplancton se dividen en subpoblaciones que nadan hacia arriba y hacia abajo al encontrarse con turbulencias.
- Esta diversificación de la migración se produce rápidamente (5-60 minutos) e implica la modulación de la asimetría celular.
- Heterosigma akashiwo demostró un control sofisticado sobre la dirección de la migración, lo que sugiere una estrategia de evasión activa.
Conclusiones:
- El fitoplancton móvil puede adaptar activamente el comportamiento migratorio para evadir las capas turbulentas, desafiando los puntos de vista clásicos.
- Esta respuesta activa, similar a la cobertura de apuestas evolutivas, mejora la supervivencia en entornos marinos dinámicos.
- La rápida respuesta del fitoplancton a las señales hidrodinámicas es una estrategia de supervivencia crucial en el océano.
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