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Polimerizaciones en tándem multicomponentes libres de metales de alquinas, aminas y formaldehído hacia

Bo Wei¹, Weizhang Li¹, Zujin Zhao¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|March 21, 2017

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un método de polimerización libre de metales para crear polímeros controlados por secuencia. Esta técnica eficiente produce poliheterociclos de alto peso molecular con propiedades sintonizables y luminiscencia inherente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química de los polímeros
Síntesis orgánica
Ciencias de los materiales

Sus antecedentes:

Los polímeros controlados por secuencia exhiben funcionalidades únicas impulsadas por sus arreglos monoméricos específicos.
El desarrollo de rutas sintéticas eficientes para polímeros no controlados por secuencia natural es crucial para las aplicaciones de materiales avanzados.
Las polimerizaciones multicomponentes (MCP) ofrecen una plataforma versátil para sintetizar polímeros funcionales estructuralmente diversos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar un método sencillo y sin metales para sintetizar poliheterociclos controlados por secuencia.
Para lograr regulación estructural y altos pesos moleculares en los polímeros sintetizados.
Explorar el potencial de la polimerización en tándem multicomponente (MCTP) para crear nuevas arquitecturas de polímeros.

Principales métodos:

Se empleó una polimerización en tándem multicomponente sin metal (MCTP).
La reacción involucró alquinas internas activadas, diaminas aromáticas y formaldehído.
Las condiciones de polimerización se optimizaron para controlar la secuencia y el peso molecular.

Principales resultados:

Se han sintetizado con éxito poliheterociclos estructuralmente regulados y controlados por secuencia con altos pesos moleculares (hasta 69.800 g/mol).
Se obtienen altos rendimientos (hasta el 99%) para los polímeros sintetizados.
Los polímeros exhibieron luminiscencia inherente e incorporaron tetrahidropirimidinas o dihidropirrolonas multisubstituidas en la columna vertebral.

Conclusiones:

El MCTP desarrollado es un enfoque altamente eficiente y respetuoso con el medio ambiente para la síntesis de polímeros controlada por secuencia.
Este método proporciona acceso a nuevos poliheterociclos con propiedades deseables, inalcanzables mediante otras vías sintéticas.
El enfoque ofrece una alta economía atómica y una amplia aplicabilidad en la creación de polímeros controlados por secuencia funcional.

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