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El déficit de capacidad obstaculiza el desempeño de las áreas marinas protegidas a nivel mundial

David A Gill^1,2, Michael B Mascia³, Gabby N Ahmadia⁴

¹National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), Annapolis, Maryland 21401, USA.

|March 23, 2017

Resumen

Las áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) efectivas requieren personal y financiación adecuados. Muchas AMP carecen de estos recursos, lo que limita su impacto en la conservación de las poblaciones de peces a pesar de las influencias positivas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de la conservación marina
Gestión de la pesca
Gestión basada en el ecosistema

Sus antecedentes:

Las áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) son una estrategia global clave para la conservación de los recursos marinos.
La eficacia y equidad de la gestión de las AMP, y sus resultados ecológicos, no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar los procesos de gestión de las AMP a nivel mundial.
Evaluar los efectos de las AMP en las poblaciones de peces.
Determinar la relación entre los procesos de gestión y los resultados ecológicos.

Principales métodos:

Desarrollo de una base de datos global que integre la gestión de AMP y los datos de población de peces de 433 y 218 AMP, respectivamente.
Análisis de los procesos de gestión de las AMP, los impactos ecológicos en las poblaciones de peces y las correlaciones entre la gestión y los resultados.

Principales resultados:

Muchas AMP no cumplen con las normas de gestión eficaces y equitativas, a menudo debido a la insuficiencia de personal y recursos financieros.
Si bien el 71% de las AMP mostraron efectos positivos en las poblaciones de peces, estos impactos variaron significativamente.
La capacidad adecuada de personal fue el predictor más fuerte del éxito de la conservación, ya que las AMP con suficiente personal mostraron efectos ecológicos 2,9 veces mayores.

Conclusiones:

La continua expansión mundial de las AMP sin una inversión suficiente en capacidad humana y financiera probablemente dará lugar a resultados de conservación subóptimos.
Los recursos adecuados son fundamentales para maximizar los beneficios ecológicos de las áreas marinas protegidas.
Las futuras iniciativas de AMP deben dar prioridad a una gestión sólida y a prácticas equitativas para alcanzar los objetivos de conservación.

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