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Ruptura de múltiples fallas complejas durante el terremoto de 7.8 en Kaikōura, Nueva Zelanda
Ian J Hamling1, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir2, Kate Clark2
1GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. i.hamling@gns.cri.nz.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 25, 2017
Resumen
El terremoto de Nueva Zelanda de 2016 Mw 7.8 fue excepcionalmente complejo, rompiéndose a lo largo de 170 km a lo largo de múltiples fallas. Este evento desafía las suposiciones sobre la segmentación de fallas y el modelado de riesgos sísmicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Sismología
- Tectónica
Sus antecedentes:
- El noreste de la Isla Sur de Nueva Zelanda experimentó un gran terremoto de magnitud (Mw) 7.8 el 14 de noviembre de 2016.
- Este terremoto se caracterizó por un comportamiento de ruptura complejo, propagándose a más de 170 km.
- Implicó múltiples fallas mapeadas y no mapeadas, que se extienden en la costa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la complejidad del terremoto de Nueva Zelanda de 2016.
- Para investigar la dinámica de ruptura y las interacciones de falla.
- Reevaluar los modelos de riesgo sísmico basados en la complejidad de los terremotos.
Principales métodos:
- Observaciones de campo
- Radar de apertura sintética interferométrico (InSAR)
- Datos del sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS)
- Análisis de los datos sismológicos
Principales resultados:
- El terremoto se rompió a lo largo de al menos 12 fallas principales, incluido el posible deslizamiento en la interfaz de subducción del sur de Hikurangi.
- Se observó una elevación costera extensa y una deformación anelástica generalizada, incluida una elevación de ~ 8 metros de un bloque de fallas.
- La ruptura se propagó a más de 170 km, desafiando las suposiciones convencionales sobre el control de la segmentación de fallas.
Conclusiones:
- El terremoto de Nueva Zelanda de 2016 representa uno de los eventos sísmicos más complejos registrados.
- Los hallazgos desafían las nociones establecidas de control de la ruptura de terremotos por segmentación de fallas.
- Se justifica una reevaluación de los modelos de riesgo sísmico para incorporar tales comportamientos complejos de ruptura.
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