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El agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas en el comercio internacional de alimentos
Carole Dalin1, Yoshihide Wada2,3,4,5, Thomas Kastner6,7
1Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK.
Nature
|March 31, 2017
Resumen
El comercio mundial de alimentos contribuye significativamente al agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas, con un 11% del uso no renovable de las aguas subterráneas para el riego incrustado en las exportaciones. Esto pone de relieve los riesgos para la seguridad alimentaria y hídrica mundial de las prácticas agrícolas no sostenibles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Hidrología
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ciencias Agrícolas
Sus antecedentes:
- El agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas es una preocupación mundial creciente, impulsada principalmente por las retiradas de riego.
- El vínculo entre el consumo mundial de alimentos, el comercio internacional y el agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas sigue siendo poco explorado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar la cantidad de agua subterránea no renovable utilizada para el riego en el comercio internacional de alimentos.
- Identificar los principales países exportadores e importadores de productos agrícolas relacionados con el agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas.
Principales métodos:
- Estimaciones globales y específicas de los cultivos de extracción de aguas subterráneas no renovables combinadas con datos del comercio internacional de alimentos.
- Análisis de los flujos comerciales para determinar las huellas de agua subterránea de los alimentos importados y exportados.
Principales resultados:
- Aproximadamente el 11% de las aguas subterráneas no renovables utilizadas para el riego están integradas en el comercio mundial de alimentos.
- Pakistán, los Estados Unidos y la India son los principales exportadores de productos agrícolas que agotan las aguas subterráneas.
- Muchos países dependen de las importaciones de alimentos irrigados por aguas subterráneas no renovables, lo que aumenta los riesgos de seguridad alimentaria y hídrica.
Conclusiones:
- El comercio internacional de alimentos juega un papel importante en el agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas.
- Se necesitan mejoras urgentes en la producción mundial sostenible de alimentos y en la gestión de las aguas subterráneas.
- La identificación de regiones, productos y consumidores de alto riesgo es crucial para mitigar estos riesgos.
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