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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
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Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Objetivos altamente preferidos para la integración de retrovirus.

C C Shih1, J P Stoye, J M Coffin

  • 1Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.

Cell
|May 20, 1988
PubMed
Resumen

La integración del retrovirus en el ADN del huésped es crucial para la replicación. Este estudio identificó secuencias específicas de ADN preferidas dirigidas por el virus del sarcoma de Rous, revelando la especificidad del sitio de integración.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Virología Virología.
  • Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La replicación del retrovirus implica la integración del ADN viral (provirus) en el genoma de la célula huésped.
  • Las secuencias precisas de ADN a las que se dirigen los retrovirus durante la integración no se han comprendido completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la especificidad de la integración retroviral en el ADN de la célula huésped.
  • Para identificar las secuencias de destino preferidas para la integración del virus del sarcoma de Rous.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrolló un método de detección para analizar numerosos eventos de integración retroviral no seleccionados.
  • Utilizó un virus del sarcoma de Rous capaz de replicarse con un marcador seleccionable.
  • Se analizaron las secuencias de ADN del provirus integrado y del huésped flanqueante a través de hibridación y secuenciación.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificó varios motivos de secuencia de ADN que son objetivos de integración fuertemente preferidos.
  • Demostró que los eventos de integración independientes dentro de los objetivos preferidos ocurren en posiciones de base idénticas.
  • Se reveló la especificidad de la secuencia en el proceso de integración del virus del sarcoma de Rous.

Conclusiones:

  • La integración de retrovirus no es aleatoria y exhibe una preferencia de secuencia significativa.
  • Secuencias específicas de ADN del huésped son atacadas por el virus del sarcoma de Rous durante la integración proviral.
  • Comprender la especificidad de la integración es clave para descifrar los mecanismos de replicación retroviral.