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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Polymers02:34

Polymers

32.8K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
32.8K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

1.8K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
1.8K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

1.7K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
1.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.1K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
2.3K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K

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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

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Polímeros de escalera conjugados mediante una polimerización por ciclopentanulación

Sambasiva R Bheemireddy1, Matthew P Hautzinger1, Tao Li2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 4, 2017
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores sintetizaron nuevos polímeros de escalera utilizando la catálisis del paladio. Estos polímeros de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos ciclopentafusados exhiben propiedades electrónicas únicas, lo que los hace adecuados para la electrónica orgánica.

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química de los polímeros
  • Productos electrónicos orgánicos

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) son cruciales en la electrónica orgánica.
  • El desarrollo de nuevos HAP con propiedades electrónicas adaptadas es un área de investigación activa.
  • Los polímeros escalera ofrecen una mayor rigidez y conjugación electrónica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una nueva vía sintética para los polímeros escalera incrustados con ciclopentafuso de PAH.
  • Para crear copolímeros de tipo donante-aceptante con propiedades electrónicas sintonizables.
  • Investigar el potencial de estos polímeros en los transistores orgánicos de efecto de campo (OFET).

Principales métodos:

  • La polimerización por ciclopentanulación catalizada por el paladio del 9,10-dibromoantraceno con varios bis ((arylethynyl) arenes.
  • Síntesis de copolímeros donantes y aceptantes con unidades de benceno, tiofeno o tieno [3,2-b] tiofeno.
  • Ciclodehidrogenación mediante el uso de cloruro de hierro (FeCl3) para formar estructuras de escalera rígidas.
  • Caracterización mediante espectroscopia de RMN (incluida la RMN 13C de polímeros etiquetados isotópicamente) y espectroscopia UV-Vis.

Principales resultados:

  • Síntesis exitosa de copolímeros donante-aceptante con pesos moleculares (Mn) comprendidos entre 9 y 22 kDa.
  • Formación de polímeros de escalera rígida mediante ciclodehidrogenación.
  • Los polímeros de escalera exhibieron amplias absorciones UV-Vis y estrechas brechas de banda óptica (1.17-1.29 eV).
  • Los polímeros sintetizados demostraron un comportamiento de semiconductor de tipo p en transistores de efecto de campo orgánico.

Conclusiones:

  • Se estableció una síntesis no tradicional de polímeros de escalera de ciclopentafusión de HAP.
  • Los polímeros desarrollados poseen propiedades optoelectrónicas deseables para aplicaciones electrónicas orgánicas.
  • La estrategia sintética permite ajustar la estructura y las propiedades del polímero a través de la elección de monómeros de bis (arylethynyl) arene.