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Encontrar vías hacia la sostenibilidad del sector de la tierra a escala nacional
Lei Gao1, Brett A Bryan1,2
1CSIRO, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.
Nature
|April 14, 2017
Resumen
Lograr los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en Australia
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ciencia de la sostenibilidad
- Ciencias de los sistemas terrestres
Sus antecedentes:
- Los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de las Naciones Unidas proporcionan un marco global para la sostenibilidad.
- La aplicación a escala nacional requiere objetivos específicos basados en la ciencia y una gobernanza sólida.
- La evaluación de la viabilidad del logro de los ODS es crucial para los esfuerzos nacionales de sostenibilidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la viabilidad de lograr múltiples objetivos de ODS en el sector de la tierra australiano.
- Explorar el impacto de varias vías futuras en el logro de objetivos.
- Identificar los factores clave y las compensaciones en la implementación nacional de los ODS.
Principales métodos:
- Escalar los objetivos de los ODS a diferentes niveles de ambición y plazos.
- Utilizó el modelo de intercambio de uso de la tierra (LUTO, por sus siglas en inglés) de sistemas de tierra integrados.
- Se han simulado 648 posibles vías futuras de desarrollo medioambiental, socioeconómico, tecnológico y político.
Principales resultados:
- El logro de los ODS es altamente sensible a la reducción de emisiones, la política nacional de uso de la tierra y la adopción de cambios en el uso de la tierra.
- Los objetivos menos ambiciosos mostraron mayores tasas de cumplimiento, pero menores resultados generales en materia de sostenibilidad.
- El logro simultáneo de múltiples objetivos es un desafío debido a las compensaciones inherentes a los sistemas terrestres.
Conclusiones:
- La aplicación efectiva de los ODS a nivel nacional requiere una visión a largo plazo, flexibilidad y reconocimiento de las complejas compensaciones.
- El sector de la tierra debe dar prioridad a la producción de alimentos, la biodiversidad y la degradación de la tierra, al tiempo que aprovecha los beneficios colaterales para otros objetivos.
- Los análisis integrados y multisectoriales son esenciales para establecer objetivos e intervenciones nacionales eficaces en materia de sostenibilidad.
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