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Los impulsores de la extirpación de las salamandras mediada por Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

Gwij Stegen¹, Frank Pasmans¹, Benedikt R Schmidt^2,3

¹Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

|April 21, 2017

Resumen

El hongo quitrido Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans causa un rápido colapso de la población de salamandras de fuego en Europa. Su doble estrategia de transmisión y su virulencia entre huéspedes sugieren una amenaza generalizada para los anfibios.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología de las enfermedades de anfibios
Micología
Biología de la conservación

Sus antecedentes:

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) es una amenaza importante para los anfibios europeos.
Comprender la ecología de la enfermedad de Bsal es crucial para los esfuerzos de mitigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para controlar la infección, la enfermedad y la dinámica de la población de salamandras de fuego tras la llegada de Bsal.
Para investigar las estrategias de transmisión de Bsal y los factores de virulencia.

Principales métodos:

Monitoreo de campo de dos años de una población de salamandra de fuego belga después de la infección.
Análisis de la infección, la progresión de la enfermedad y la dinámica de la población huésped.
Evaluación de las vías de transmisión y la virulencia de Bsal en diversos entornos y especies hospedadoras.

Principales resultados:

La llegada de Bsal condujo a un rápido colapso de la población de salamandras de fuego sin signos de recuperación.
Las salamandras sobrevivientes no mostraron mayor resistencia, y los cambios demográficos obstaculizaron la compensación de la mortalidad.
Bsal presenta una doble estrategia de transmisión (esporas móviles y no móviles resistentes al medio ambiente).
El hongo mantuvo la virulencia en el agua, el suelo, los anuros y los depósitos de urodelanos menos susceptibles.

Conclusiones:

La ecología de la enfermedad de Bsal, caracterizada por una doble transmisión y una amplia virulencia, facilita la rápida disminución de la población de anfibios.
El hongo actúa como una 'tormenta perfecta', amenazando con la extinción generalizada de las poblaciones de salamandras susceptibles en toda Europa.

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