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Sepsis neonatal

Andi L Shane1, Pablo J Sánchez2, Barbara J Stoll3

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.

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|April 25, 2017
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La sepsis neonatal causa enfermedades y muertes significativas, con diferentes estimaciones de la carga a nivel mundial. La investigación en curso se centra en el diagnóstico y la prevención para reducir este problema crítico de salud infantil.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Medicina neonatal
  • Enfermedades infecciosas
  • Pediatría

Sus antecedentes:

  • La sepsis neonatal es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad infantil en todo el mundo.
  • Las estimaciones de la carga de enfermedad por sepsis neonatal difieren significativamente entre los países de ingresos altos y los de ingresos bajos a medios.
  • La presentación clínica varía desde la infección subclínica hasta la enfermedad sistémica grave, influenciada por el patógeno, la inmunidad infantil y los factores de exposición.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los aspectos multifacéticos de la sepsis neonatal, incluida su epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas y factores contribuyentes.
  • Destacar los desafíos en el diagnóstico y el manejo de la sepsis neonatal, particularmente en poblaciones infantiles vulnerables.
  • Discutir las estrategias actuales y emergentes para la prevención y el control de la sepsis neonatal.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura sobre la epidemiología de la sepsis neonatal, la patogénesis, la presentación clínica y las estrategias de tratamiento.
  • Análisis de los factores que influyen en la expresión de la enfermedad, incluida la inmadurez inmunológica y las infecciones adquiridas en el hospital.
  • Examen de los avances en el diagnóstico y las medidas preventivas.

Principales resultados:

  • La carga de la sepsis neonatal varía según el entorno geográfico y el estatus socioeconómico.
  • Los bebés prematuros con estadías prolongadas en el hospital y procedimientos invasivos están en mayor riesgo.
  • El diagnóstico clínico puede ser difícil, independientemente de la identificación del patógeno.

Conclusiones:

  • El tratamiento eficaz de la sepsis neonatal requiere la comprensión de diversos factores de riesgo y presentaciones clínicas variadas.
  • Los avances en los diagnósticos independientes del cultivo, las puntuaciones de predicción de la sepsis y las vacunas maternas son cruciales para reducir la carga de la sepsis neonatal.
  • Abordar la inmadurez inmunológica y las infecciones adquiridas en el hospital es clave para mejorar los resultados para los recién nacidos.