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Bases estructurales de la inhibición de CRISPR-SpyCas9 por una proteína anti-CRISPR
De Dong1, Minghui Guo1, Sihan Wang1
1HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
Nature
|April 28, 2017
Resumen
Dos proteínas anti-CRISPR inhiben el Cas9 imitando el PAM y bloqueando la unión al ADN. Este conocimiento estructural permite el desarrollo de Cas9.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología molecular
- Biología estructural
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas CRISPR-Cas9 son mecanismos inmunes bacterianos dirigidos al ADN extraño.
- Las enzimas Cas9 usan ARN guía para dividir el ADN en sitios específicos, lo que requiere un motivo adyacente de protospacer (PAM).
- Las proteínas anti-CRISPR AcrIIA2 y AcrIIA4 inhiben Cas9, pero sus mecanismos no están claros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar el mecanismo por el cual AcrIIA4 inhibe Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpyCas9).
- Proporcionar una base estructural para el desarrollo de sistemas controlables de Cas9.
Principales métodos:
- Cristalografía de rayos X de SpyCas9 complejado con ARN guía simple (sgRNA) y AcrIIA4.
- Análisis estructural y comparación del complejo Cas9-sgRNA-AcrIIA4.
Principales resultados:
- AcrIIA4 se une a SpyCas9 de una manera dependiente del sgRNA.
- AcrIIA4 inhibe Cas9 imitando el PAM y bloqueando el sitio de unión al ADN.
- AcrIIA4 también protege el sitio activo de Cas9 RuvC, impidiendo la escisión del ADN.
- La unión de sgRNA induce la formación del sitio de unión AcrIIA4 en SpyCas9.
Conclusiones:
- AcrIIA4 inhibe SpyCas9 a través de un doble mecanismo: bloquea el reconocimiento del ADN y protege el sitio activo.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan una base estructural para la ingeniería de mecanismos de "apagado" para las herramientas de edición de genes CRISPR-Cas9.
- La comprensión de estas interacciones es crucial para las aplicaciones precisas de edición del genoma.
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