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Pruebas experimentales de que las rupturas de terremotos de empuje podrían abrir fallas
Vahe Gabuchian1, Ares J Rosakis1, Harsha S Bhat2
1Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard 105-50, Pasadena, California 91105, USA.
Nature
|May 2, 2017
Resumen
Los grandes terremotos en las fallas de empuje pueden causar grandes deslizamientos destructivos cerca de la superficie. Nuevos experimentos revelan un "mecanismo de torsión" que desprende las fallas, lo que explica este deslizamiento superficial y sus impactos devastadores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- * Sismología
- * Tectonofísica
- * Dinámica de las rupturas sísmicas
Sus antecedentes:
- * Los grandes terremotos ocurren con frecuencia en fallas de empuje, a menudo en zonas de subducción (por ejemplo, Tohoku-Oki) o zonas de colisión (por ejemplo, Chi-Chi).
- * Estos eventos pueden exhibir grandes deslizamientos cerca de la superficie, lo que contribuye a tsunamis significativos y daños estructurales.
- * Los mecanismos físicos que permiten un deslizamiento sustancial de fallas superficiales siguen siendo poco conocidos, ya que las secciones de fallas superficiales generalmente se consideran estables.
Objetivo del estudio:
- * Para investigar el mal entendido mecanismo responsable del deslizamiento de grandes terremotos cerca de la superficie de la Tierra en fallas de empuje.
- * Para aclarar cómo las secciones de falla poco profundas pueden acomodar un desplazamiento significativo durante grandes terremotos.
Principales métodos:
- * Se utilizaron experimentos físicos de ruptura de terremotos para simular el comportamiento de las fallas en condiciones específicas.
- * Se utilizó un modelo numérico complementario para analizar y confirmar las observaciones experimentales.
Principales resultados:
- * Descubrió una novela
Conclusiones:
- * El mecanismo de torsión identificado permite que las rupturas de falla de empuje superficial se extiendan más y se deslicen distancias mayores de lo que se pensaba anteriormente.
- * Este mecanismo implica que la zona sísmica de las interfaces de subducción no es fija y puede extenderse a la zanja durante grandes terremotos.
- * La comprensión de este mecanismo de deslizamiento superficial es crucial para evaluar los riesgos de terremotos y mitigar los daños causados por grandes fallas de empuje.
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