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La formación de la corteza continental en la Tierra primitiva controlada por el magmatismo intrusivo
A B Rozel1, G J Golabek2, C Jain1
1Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nature
|May 9, 2017
Resumen
La Tierra temprana
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Tierra
- Ciencias planetarias
- Dinámica temprana de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- Se debate el régimen geodinámico de la Tierra primitiva antes de la tectónica de placas.
- Las temperaturas del manto arqueo y el magmatismo eran probablemente más altos que hoy.
- Existen dos modelos: la tectónica de tubos de calor (dominada por el vulcanismo) y la tapa esponjosa plutónica (dominada por el magmatismo intrusivo).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la formación de la corteza continental de tonalita-trondhjemita-granodiorita (TTG) primordial.
- Para probar la validez de la tubería de calor frente a los modelos tectónicos de tapa esponjosa plutónica para la Tierra temprana.
- Para determinar qué régimen geodinámico temprano de la Tierra explica mejor las composiciones TTG observadas.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron modelos numéricos autoconsistentes de la convección termoquímica global.
- Procesos magmáticos incorporados en los modelos.
- Se han realizado estudios de parámetros sistemáticos sobre la eficiencia de la erupción.
Principales resultados:
- El modelo de tectónica de tubos de calor produjo geotérmicas frías de la corteza, sin generar una corteza continental primordial similar a la de la Tierra.
- El modelo de tapa esponjosa plutónica arrojó geotérmicas de corteza más calientes, reproduciendo con éxito las proporciones de roca TTG observadas.
- Una eficiencia de erupción inferior al 40% en el modelo de tapa esponjosa plutónica coincidió con los datos de campo para TTG de baja, media y alta presión.
Conclusiones:
- El régimen tectónico de tapa esponjosa plutónica, caracterizado por el magmatismo intrusivo, es un modelo más plausible para la formación de la corteza terrestre temprana que la tectónica de tubo de calor.
- Este hallazgo sugiere que la Tierra Arquea operó globalmente bajo un régimen de tapa blando plutónico antes del advenimiento de la tectónica de placas.
- El estudio proporciona un fuerte apoyo numérico para el modelo de tapa esponjosa plutónica para explicar la génesis de la corteza TTG primordial.
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