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Los glaciares de Asia son un importante amortiguador regional contra la sequía

Hamish D Pritchard¹

¹British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.

|May 12, 2017

Resumen

Los glaciares asiáticos proporcionan agua de deshielo esencial para 136 millones de personas, ofreciendo una fuente de agua vital resistente a la sequía. La pérdida de glaciares amenaza con exacerbar el estrés hídrico, lo que podría conducir a la inestabilidad social y la migración.

Área de la Ciencia:

Glaciología e hidrología
Impactos del cambio climático
Gestión de los recursos hídricos

Sus antecedentes:

Las altas montañas de Asia albergan la mayor concentración de glaciares del mundo.
800 millones de personas dependen del agua de deshielo glacial.
El estrés hídrico es una vulnerabilidad económica y social significativa en la región.

Objetivo del estudio:

Cuantificar la contribución del agua de deshielo de los glaciares asiáticos al suministro regional de agua.
Evaluar el impacto de la pérdida de glaciares en la seguridad hídrica y los posibles riesgos sociales.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de las contribuciones de agua de deshielo glacial a los ríos y acuíferos.
Evaluación de la suficiencia del suministro de agua para las necesidades humanas durante los períodos de sequía.

Principales resultados:

Los glaciares asiáticos suministran en verano agua de deshielo suficiente para las necesidades básicas de 136 millones de personas.
El agua de deshielo es crucial durante los veranos de sequía, dominando las entradas de agua en las cuencas superiores del río Indo y el Aral.
La pérdida prevista de glaciares aumentará significativamente el estrés hídrico relacionado con la sequía.

Conclusiones:

El agua de deshielo es un recurso crítico, resistente a la sequía para millones en Asia.
El volumen reducido de los glaciares plantea un riesgo sustancial de aumento de la escasez de agua, la inestabilidad social y los conflictos.
Se necesita una atención urgente a la conservación de los glaciares y la gestión del agua para mitigar los riesgos futuros.

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