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Desigualdades en las enfermedades no transmisibles entre los principales grupos de población en Israel: logros y
Khitam Muhsen1, Manfred S Green2, Varda Soskolne3
1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 13, 2017
Resumen
A pesar de la cobertura universal de salud, persisten importantes disparidades de salud en las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), particularmente entre las poblaciones árabe y judía. Estas desigualdades están vinculadas a los determinantes sociales de la salud y requieren esfuerzos multisectoriales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Disparidades en materia de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Israel posee una economía de altos ingresos con atención médica avanzada y seguro universal, que muestra mejoras generales en la salud.
- La esperanza de vida ha aumentado, superando los promedios de la OCDE, pero persisten las disparidades entre los principales grupos de población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las diferencias en la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) entre las subpoblaciones israelíes.
- Identificar y analizar las desigualdades de salud dentro de los diversos grupos de población de Israel.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos de morbilidad, mortalidad y factores de riesgo para las ENT entre 1975 y 2014.
- Comparación de indicadores de salud en varios grupos demográficos y socioeconómicos, incluidos los árabes israelíes, los judíos israelíes, los inmigrantes, los judíos ultraortodoxos y los árabes beduinos.
Principales resultados:
- La esperanza de vida es más baja para los árabes israelíes que para los judíos israelíes, con una brecha cada vez mayor.
- Mayor mortalidad ajustada por edad por enfermedad cardíaca, accidente cerebrovascular y diabetes en árabes; mayor incidencia/mortalidad por cáncer en judíos.
- Mayor prevalencia de obesidad y baja actividad física entre los árabes; patrones de tabaquismo variados por género y etnia.
- Las desigualdades en materia de salud también están vinculadas al estatus socioeconómico y a subpoblaciones específicas.
Conclusiones:
- Las desigualdades sustanciales de las ENT persisten en Israel a pesar de la atención médica universal.
- Estas disparidades de salud están potencialmente relacionadas con los determinantes sociales de la salud.
- Los programas integrales están en marcha, pero los esfuerzos sostenidos y multisectoriales son cruciales para reducir las desigualdades.
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